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Hema MunagalaHema Munagala 

What is Salesforce Process?

SandhyaSandhya (Salesforce Developers) 
Hi Hema,
Salesforce provides multiple tools to automate your organization’s repetitive business processes: Approvals, Process Builder, Workflow, and Visual Workflow.

Usually Process builder is referred as process.
For example: if a case is escalated, then notify the account owner.
Here you can use Process Builder.

Process Builder includes almost all the functionality that’s available in workflow rules, and more. In fact, a single process can do what it would normally take multiple workflow rules to do. The only thing you can do with workflow that you can’t do with processes is send outbound messages without code. However, you can work around this limitation by calling Apex code from a process.

If the process is too complicated for the Process Builder or requires more advanced functionality, create a flow by using the Cloud Flow Designer. For example, create a flow to:
Use complex branching logic (if certain conditions are true, evaluate for further conditions)

Example: First, check whether a case is escalated. If the case is escalated, check the account’s region and route the case accordingly.
Sort through, iterate over, and operate on several records
Example: After an opportunity is closed and won, calculate the opportunity’s discount. Then apply that discount to all the related opportunity products.
 
Please refer below links for more information.

https://help.salesforce.com/HTViewHelpDoc?id=process_create.htm&language=en_US
 
https://help.salesforce.com/HTViewHelpDoc?id=process_which_tool.htm&language=en_US
 
Hope this helps you!

Please accept my solution as Best Answer if my reply was helpful. It will make it available for other as the proper solution. 

Thanks and Regards
Sandhya
11c-at-sfdc11c-at-sfdc
this tutorial of mine (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCBFEhPo9Ow) will totally help in understanding sales processes, record types, page layouts